Leonidas Dyer
The National Liberty Congress Of Colored Americans Petitioned Congress To Make Lynching A Federal Crime On July 29, 1918.
The Following Year There Were 83 Reported Lynchings, 25 Major Race Riots And The Ku Klux Klan Held Over 200 Public Meetings. In 1921 There Were 64 Mob Murders In Which Four Of The Victims Were Burned Alive.
It Wasn't Until January 26, 1922 That Congress Passed The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill. Up To That Point, Blacks In The Northern And Border States Could Be Relied Upon To Vote In Large Numbers, For Republican Candidates. But Because Republicans Delayed Their Pledge That The Harding Administration Would Make Lynching A Federal Crime, Many Northern And Urban Blacks Turned Away From The Party.
Subsequently, The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill Became A Major Contributing Factor In The Shift Of Black American Loyalties From The Republican To The Democratic Party.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Booker T. Washington National Monument
The Booker T. Washington National Monument Was Founded On July 28 1957, Though It Wasn't Opened To The Public Until 1963.
The Site Is The Birthplace And Early Childhood Home Of One Of America's Most Notable Black Educators. It's Located On Virginia Rt. 122, 16 Miles Northeast Of Rocky Mount, Virginia. It Was The Second National Monument Honoring A Black American.
The George Washington Carver National Monument Was Dedicated July 14, 1951, In Joplin, Missouri, And Was The First National Monument Dedicated To An African American.
Washington And Carver Were Contemporaries And Colleagues Who Worked At Tuskegee Institute, The Alabama University Founded By Booker T. Washington In 1881.
" In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Jane Matilda Bolin
On July 22, 1939, Jane Matilda Bolin Was Sworn In As The First Black Female Judge In The United States. Mayor Fionello La Guardia Appointed Her Judge Of The Court Of Domestic Relations In New York City.
Born April 11, 1908, In Yale, New York, Bolin Was The First Black American Woman To Graduate From Yale Law School, The First To Join The New York City Bar Association, And The First To Join The City's Law Department.
She Was A Member Of The NAACP, The New York Urban League, The New York County Lawyers Association And The Harlem Lawyers Association.
Prior To Her Death In 1979, Judge Bolin Was An Activist For Children's Rights And Education.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Mary Church Terrell
On July 21, 1896, At The 19th Street Baptist Church In Washington, DC, The National Association Of Colored Women Was Formed By A Merger Of The National Federation Of Afro-American Women And The Colored Women's League.
Mary Church Terrell, A DC School Board Member At The Time, Was Elected Its First President And The Organization Adopted The Slogan, "Lift As We Climb."
Along With Ida B. Wells, Mary Church Terrell Was A Pioneering Women's And Civil Rights Activist And One Of The Female Founders Of The Niagara Movement In 1909, Which Gave Rise To The NAACP.
The Memphis, Tennessee Native Worked As A Civil Rights Activist Well Into Her 90s. She Was A Key Figure In The Effort To Desegregate Washington, DC Restaurants And Businesses In The 1950's.
Terrell Died July 24, 1954 in Annapolis, Maryland.
" In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Sarah Goode's Roll Away Bed & Desk Design
On July 14, 1885, Sarah E. Goode (By Most Documented Accounts) Became The First Black American Woman To Be Granted A Patent By The U.S. Patent And Trademark Office (Patent #322,17), For Her Invention, The Cabinet Bed.
Born Into Slavery In 1850, She Was Freed At The End Of The Civil War And Moved To Chicago, Where She Became An Entrepreneur.
As Owner Of A Furniture Store Goode Noticed That City Apartment Dwellers Often Had Limited Space For Beds. She Created The Design For What We Know Today As The "Hideaway" Bed. She Described The Design As "A Folding Bed Whose Hinged Sections Were Easily Raised Or Lowered. "
Goode's Bed Was Fully Functional And It Was Complete With Mattress And Spring Support. When Not In Use As A bed, Goode's Invention Doubled As A Roll-top Desk And Stationery Shelf.
Sarah Goode Died January 25, 1909, At Age 59.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." - Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Roy Wilkins
On July 8, 1955, The NAACP Elected Roy Wilkins As Their New Executive Secretary.
Roy Wilkins Was Born In St. Louis, Missouri On August 30, 1901. He Received A Sociology Degree From The University Of Minnesota In 1923.
A Portion Of Wilkins' Professional Career Was Spent In Journalism. He Worked For The "Minnesota Daily," And Was Editor Of Two Other Publications, The "Saint Paul Appeal (A Black Newspaper)" And The "Kansas City Call." When W. E. B. Du Bois Left The NAACP In 1934, Wilkins Replaced Him As Editor Of The "Crisis," The NAACP's Official Magazine. Wilkins Served As Editor For The Next 15 Years.
Wilkins Has Been Described As "Courtly," Gracious, Gentle, Quiet, Effective and Wise. He Was Also Criticized For Being Too Conservative.
Nevertheless, Under His Leadership The NAACP Was Successful In Effecting Many Institutional Changes For The Benefit Of Black Americans, Including The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 And The Voting Rights Act Of 1965.
In 1967, Roy Wilkins Was Awarded The Presidential Medal Of Freedom, By Lyndon Johnson. And On September 8, 1981, President Ronald Reagan Ordered The American Flag To Be Flown At Half-Mast At All Government Properties In Honor Of Wilkins, Who Died On That Day, At The Age Of 80.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Ntozake Shange
For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When The Rainbow Is Enuf Opened At The Studio Rivbea, In New York City, On July 7, 1975.
Written By Dancer And Poet, Ntozake Shange, The Play Brings To Life, A Compilation Of 27 Poems (Collectively Called A "Chorepoem") About Black Females Who Have Survived Relationships In Which They Have Been Repeatedly Hurt And Abused.
The Play Received Its Share Of Negative Criticism For Its Depictions Of Black Men. Despite This, The Production Was A Huge Success -- Winning Several Awards, Including: The Obie, The Outer Critics Circle Award, The Audelco Award And The Mademoiselle Award. For Colored Girls Was Also Nominated For A Tony, Grammy And Emmy Award.
Among Ntozake Shange's Other Works Are The Obie Award-Winning Play, Mother Courage And Her Children (1980) And The Novel, Betsey Brown.
The Trenton, New Jersey Native Currently Lives In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Max Yergan
Controversial, International Activist And Intellectual, Dr. Max Yergan, Received The NAACP Spingarn Medal On July 1, 1933.
The Award Was Given To Him For Being
"a missionary of intelligence tact and self-sacrifice, representing the gift of cooperation and culture which American Negroes may send back to their Motherland; and he inaugurated last year an unusual local movement for interracial understanding among black and white students."
Born In Raleigh, North Carolina, In 1892, Yergan First Engaged In Missionary Work In East Africa. In Addition To His Legal Duties, He Helped Train Hospital Orderlies And Introduced Motion Pictures To The Villagers. Health Problems Forced Him To Return To The United States, But He Later Went Back To The African Continent As A Missionary To South Africa In 1921. In This Capacity, He Served As The American Secretary Of The YMCA's "Colored Work" Division for 10 Years, While Keeping A Full Schedule Of Religious And Social Duties. After A Failed Attempt To Radicalize The YMCA And Take The Organization In A Different Direction Socially, Dr. Yeargan Resigned His Position.
Yergan's Exposure To The Brutality Of Colonial White Rule In South Africa Caused Him To Veer Away From Mainstream, Liberal Civil Rights Organizations. In The Span Of 30 Years He Embraced Marxism (Along With Paul Robeson, He Co-Founded The International Committee On African Affairs, 1937 - Later Named the Council on African Affairs), Became An Ultra Conservative/Staunch Anti Communist During The Cold War, And Even Praised Aspects Of The South African "separate development" Plan In 1964.
During His Career Yergan Also Served As The Second President Of The National Negro Congress, A Coalition Of Hundreds Of Black American Organizations Created In 1935, By Religious, Labor, Civic And Fraternal Leaders, To Fight Racial Discrimination, Establish Relations With Black Organizations Throughout The World And oppose The Deportation Of Black Immigrants.
He Was The First Black American Faculty Member Hired To Teach At One Of The New York's Public Colleges-- Teaching “Negro History and Culture” In The Fall Of 1937, At City College Of New York.In the Last Decade Of Life He Co-chaired The Conservative Group, "American-African Affairs Association."
Max Yergan Died In 1975.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." - Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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