Norbert Rillieux
Norbert Rillieux Registered Patent No. 3,237 For A Vacuum-Pan Evaporator, At The U.S. Patent Office On August 26,1843.
The Rillieux Evaporator Revolutionized The Sugar Industry Worldwide. His System Increased Fuel Efficiency And Made Possible The Production Of Refined And Granulated Sugar. Previously The Same Work Had Been Done By Hand, Resulting In A Crude, Carmel-Colored Form Of Sugar. The Principles Of The Rillieux System Are Incorporated In All Modern, Industrial Evaporation Processes, Such As Making Soap, Gelatin, Glue And Condensed Milk.
An Engineer And Egyptologist, Rillieux Was The Son Of A Slave And A French Planter. As A Resident Of New Orleans, He Was Dogged By Racial Prejudice. He Left The City In 1854, After A Requirement That Blacks Carry Passes Pushed Him Over The Limit.
Norbert Rillieux Died In Paris In 1894. He Was 89 Years Old.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr
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Asa Phillip Randolph
Asa Phillip Randolph And Five Other Men Organized The Brotherhood Of Sleeping Car Porters On August 25, 1925. The BSCP Became One Of The Most Powerful Organizations In The History Of
American Labor. By 1959, The Union Claimed More Than 15,000 Members.
The Labor Union Brought Together The Many Predominately Black Railroad Porters And Attendants Who Were Forced To Work Long Hours For Relatively Meager Wages And Benefits. The BSCP Was Led By A. Philip Randolph, Its First President,And C. L. Dellums, Its Vice President (Dellums Was The Uncle Of U.S.Representative And Oakland, CA, Mayor, Ron Dellums). These Men, Along
With Union Member E. D. Nixon, Became Significant Players In The Civil Rights Movement.
Randolph Was Born April 15, 1889, in Crescent City, Florida. At One Time He Was Called He "The Most Dangerous Negro In America."
During The Course Of His Distinguished Career, A. Phillip Randolph Became The Most Widely Known Spokesperson For The Interests Of The Black Working-Class, In The Country. In December 1940, With President Franklin Roosevelt Refusing To Issue An Executive Order Banning Discrimination Against Black Workers In The Defense Industry, Randolph Called For "10,000 Loyal Negro American Citizens" To March On Washington, D.C. Support Grew So Quickly That He Began Calling For 100,000 Marchers To Converge On The Capital. Pressured To Take Action, Roosevelt Issued An Executive Order On June 25, 1941 -- Six Days Before The March -- Declaring "there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin." He Also Set Up The Fair Employment Practices Commission To Enforce The Order.
With The Formation Of The League For Nonviolent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation, Randolph Also Became A Major Force In Bringing An End To "Jim Crow" In
The U.S. Armed Forces. In 1955, He Helped Negotiate The Return Of The Congress of Industrial Organizations To The American Federation of Labor (AFL-CIO) And Was The Co-Organizer Of The Historic, 1963 March On Washington.
Randolph Died May 16, 1979.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, A. Phillip Randolph & The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
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James Meredith
James Meredith, The First Black Student Admitted To "Ole Miss", Graduated from That University On August 18, 1963 At Age 30.
Meredith Was Born In Kosciusko, Mississippi, June 25, 1933. After Graduating High School, He Enlisted In The Air Force. He Served From 1951 to 1960 And Returned To Mississippi And Enrolled At Jackson State University For Two Years.
When He First Applied For Admission To The University Of Mississippi, His Application Stayed On File For 14 Months, Before The U.S. Supreme Court Ordered The School To Admit Him.
After Being Barred From Entering The University On September 20, Meredith Was Finally Allowed Entrance On October 1, 1962, Becoming The First Black Student To Be Enrolled At The University Of MississippiHe Graduated With A Degree In History.
Meredith Furthered His Education After Leaving "Ole Miss." He Attended The University Of Ibdaan In Nigeria (1964-65) And Columbia University (1966-68), Where He Received His Law Degree.
In 1966 He Led The March Against Fear, From Memphis, Tennessee To Jackson, MS And Was Wounded By Sniper, Aubrey Norvell, On June 6th. He Has Also Authored Several Books, Including Three Years In Mississippi, A Memoir Of His Days At "Ole Miss."
While He Is Considered One Of The Most Important Figures In The Civil Rights Movement, Meredith Down-Plays That Title.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
JAMES MEREDITH ENROLLS AT "OLE MISS"
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Dick Gregory
On August 12, 1965, During The Second Day Of The Watts Riots, Civil Rights Activist, Entrepreneur, Author And Legendary Comedian, Richard "Dick" Claxton Gregory Was Shot In The Leg While He And Other Black Leaders, Tried To Calm A Crowd On Central Avenue.
Born October 12, 1932, In St. Louis, Missouri. Dick Gregory Began His Professional Career Working As A Comic In Chicago Nightclubs, Including The Playboy Club. An Appearance On Jack Paar's Late Night Talk Show Boosted His Career And He Soon Became A National Success.
In 1963 He Wrote Nigger: An Autobiography. In The Book's Dedication He Wrote: "Dear Momma -- Wherever you are, if ever you hear the word, 'nigger' again, remember they are advertising my book."
A Brilliant Social Comic, Gregory Dealt With Race Issues And Promoted Black Pride. He Supported Most Of The Major Civil Rights Marches In The 1960's And 1970's --- Both Financially And With His Physical Presence.
He Ran (Unsuccessfully) For Mayor Of Chicago In 1966 And For President Of The United States In 1968. He Also Participated In A Six-Week Fast To Show Solidarity With Native Americans, In 1968.
Gregory Also Concerned Himself With America's Diet. In 1973 He Wrote Natural Diet For Folks Who Eat: Cookin' With Mother Nature. He Is Also The Creator Of The Slim Safe Bahamian Diet, Which Gained International Popularity And Continues To Gross Millions Of Dollars.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It."-- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
DICK GREGORY SPEAKS
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Alex Haley
Author, Alexander Murray Palmer Haley Was Born In Ithaca, New York, On August 11, 1921. He Is Best Known As The Author Of Roots: The Saga of an American Family And The Autobiography Of Malcolm X.
After Dropping Out Of Alcorn State University, Haley Enlisted In The Coast Guard On May 29, 1939, Where He Served For The Next 20 Years.
It Was While In The Coast Guard That He Honed His Writing Craft. One Of The Ways He Did This Was By Writing Love Letters For The Other Sailors Who Had Girlfriends -- A Service For Which He Was Paid. He Later Worked As A Journalist For The Coast Guard.
After Leaving The Service In 1959, Haley Began Reader's Digest And Later For Playboy Magazine, Where He Interviewed Such Notable People As Miles Davis, Martin Luther King, Jr., Cassius Clay (Now Muhammad Ali), Jim Brown, Johnny Carson, Sammy Davis, Jr. Melvin Belli, Quincy Jones And American Nazi Party Leader, George Lincoln Rockwell And Malcolm X. The Malcolm X Interview Led To The Collaboration On The Activist's Autobiography, The Autobiography of Malcolm X.
In 1976, Haley Published Roots: The Saga of an American Family. The Story Begins In A Village In Gambia, West Africa, With Haley's Own Forefather, Kunta Kinte. While Hunting For Material To Make A Drum, Kunte kinte Was Captured And Brought To Maryland As A Slave. Roots Traces The Lives Of Kunta Kinte's Offspring. The Book Was Eventually Made Into A History-Making Miniseries On ABC.
In The Late 1980s, Haley Began Working On a Second Historical Novel Based On Another Branch Of His Family, Traced Through His Paternal Grandmother, Queen—The Daughter Of A Black Slave Woman And Her White Master.
Haley Died In Seattle, Washington, February 10, 1992, Of A Heart Attack With The Story Unfinished. He Was Buried Beside His Childhood Home In Henning, Tennessee.
At His Request, The Book Was Finished By David Stevens And Published As Alex Haley's Queen. It Was Subsequently Made Into A TV Movie In 1993
" In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
SCENE FROM ROOTS
SCENE FROM ROOTS: THE NEXT GENERATION
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Harriet Tubman
On August 5, 1892, Harriet Tubman Received A Pension From The United States Congress For Her Work As A Nurse, Spy, And Scout During The Civil War.
During The Civil War, Tubman Served As A Spy, Scout And Nurse For The Union Army. She Was The Only Woman To Successfully Undertake Operations In Enemy Territory. She Was Also The First (And Probably Only) Woman To Ever Lead American Troops Into Battle.
Known As The Moses Of her People, Harriet Tubman Was Born A Slave In Maryland Around 1820. She Escaped And Fled North At The Age Of 28.
Tubman Personally Rescued More Than 300 Slaves In Nineteen Trips To The South. She Was Known To Say " I never ran a train off the track, and I never lost a passenger."
The Most Famous Conductor On The Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman Died March 10, 1913, In Auburn, New York. At The Time Of Her Death She Had A $40,000 Bounty On Her Head.
" In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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