Eldridge Cleaver
Eldridge Cleaver Was Born On August 31, 1935, In Wabbaseka, Arkansas.
His Family Moved To Phoenix, And Finally To Los Angeles, Where Cleaver, During His Teens, Would Become Involved With Petty Crime. On June 18, 1954, Eldridge Cleaver Took His First Trip To Soledad Prison On A Marijuana Possession Charge.
The Former Convict Went On To Become A Major Civil Rights Activist And Leader In The Black Panther Party. He Served As The Group's Minister Of Information.
Cleaver's Book Of Memoirs From Prison, Soul On Ice, Earned Him Credit As "one of the best cultural critics" Of The 1960's
At One Point Cleaver Fled To Cuba To Avoid Another Term In Prison. He Spent Several Years In Exile There, As Well As In Algeria And France.
Upon Returning To The United States He Adopted Capitalism And Became A Republican And Fundamentalist Preacher. He Described His Political And Religious Conversions In The 1978 Book, Soul On Fire. In The 1980's Cleaver Became Addicted To Cocain. He Kicked His Habit And Became Involved In Fighting Addiction With Healthy Nutrition.
Cleaver Died Of Prostate Cancer In 1998. He Was 62 Years Old. He's Credited With The Famous Quote, "You're either part of the solution or part of the problem."
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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 BLACKS Make Up 25% Of The UNINSURED Population
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Guion S. Bluford, Jr.
On August 30, 1983, The Space Shuttle, Challenger, Left Kennedy Space Center, Carrying The First Black American Male Astronaut To Go Into Space.
Forty-Year-Old, Col. Guion S. Bluford, Jr. A Mission Specialist, Tested The Challenger's Mechanical Arm, Helped Launch Weather And Communication Satellites And Performed Experiments On Electrophoresis.
Born November 22, 1942, In Philadelphia Pennsylvania, "Guy" Was Always Interested In Flying And Dreamed Of Becoming An Aerospace Engineer Since Junior High School.
He Began His Flying Career In The Air Force, Executing 144 Combat Missions Over Vietnam. He Earned His Ph.D In Aerospace Engineering From The Air Force Institute Of Technology, In 1978 --- That Same Year He Was Accepted Into The National Aeronautics And Space Administration (NASA) Astronaut Program, Out Of 8,078 Candidates.
In 1983, Bluford Became The First Black American To Go Into Space. Two Years Later He Was Aboard The Crew Of America's First Space Lab Mission, The Orbiter Challenger.
(While Bluford IS The First Black American To Go Into Space, He Is Not The First Person Of African Descent To Do So. Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez A Cuban, Of African Descent, Was Aboard Russia's Soyuz 38, In 1980).
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It."-- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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A. Phillip Randolph,
Martin Luther King, Jr., Bayard Rustin
It Was A Warm, Balmy, 84-Degree Day In Washington, DC On Wednesday August 28, 1963. 250,000 People Marched Down Independence And Constitution Avenues, To The Lincoln Memorial, In What Was The Largest Civil Rights Demonstration In U.S. History.
Long-Time Civil Rights Activist And Founder Of The Brotherhood Of Sleeping Car Porters (The First Black Labor Union To Win A Collective Bargaining Agreement And Win A Charter From The American Federation Of Labor), Asa Phillip Randolph, Had Been Threatening To March On Washington Since 1941.
Now In His 70's, He --- Along With Colleague, Bayard Rustin And Supporters From The National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People (NAACP), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE) And The National Urban League, Had Arrived In Force!!
Americans Of Every Color And Persuasion (Including 60,000 Whites), Came To DC In Support Of More Freedom And Jobs For Black Americans, And To Push Congress To Pass The Civil Rights Bill.
Mahalia Jackson, Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Marlon Brando, Sammy Davis, Jr., James Baldwin, Eartha Kitt, Bob Dylan, Gordon Parks And Josephine Baker, Were Among The Celebrities Who Took Part In The Historic Rally.
It Was At This Event That Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Delivered One Of The Most Famous And Most-Quoted Speeches In History, "I Have A Dream."
Barack Obama Accepts Nomination
For President, 2008
CLICK PLAYER, To Hear Audio
This Date Will Also Be Remembered As The One On Which Barack Obama Formally Accepted The Democratic Party's Nomination As President Of The United States.
On August 28, 2008, Barack Obama Became The First Black American To Be Formally Nominated For President By A Major Political Party. He Was Sworn In As America's 44th And First Acknowledged, Black President, January 20, 2009.
Click Here To Watch The Documentary About The 1963 March On Washington.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Gail Fisher
On August 27, 1975, The Last Episode Of The TV Show, Mannix, Aired On CBS. The One-Hour Television Drama Featured The Character, Joe, Mannix, A Los Angeles Detective And His Widowed Girl-Friday, Peggy Fair, Played By Actress, Gail Fisher.
For Her Role In Mannix, Fisher Won The 1969 -1970, Emmy For An Outstanding Performance By An Actress In A Supporting Role In Drama. She Was The First Black Woman To Win Television's Most Prestigious Award. Following Her Win, Fisher Would Be Nominated For The Award For The Next Three Years.
Gail Fisher Was Born Born August 18, 1935, In Orange, New Jersey. In 1961, She Became The First Black Performer To Do A National Television Commercial With Spoken Lines (She Played The Part Of A Dental Patient).
Her Other TV Appearances Included Room 222, Love American Style, The Match Game, Fantasy Island, The White Shadow And General Hospital.
Gail Fisher Died December 2, 2000, Of Kidney Failure And Emphysema.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Bayard Rustin
Civil Rights Activist, Bayard Rustin, Died From A Heart Attack, On August 24, 1987.
Born March 17, 1912, In West Chester, Pennsylvania, Rustin Was Raised By His Grandparents. His Grandmother Was A Quaker And NAACP Member. As A Young Man, Rustin Excelled In Academics And Sports. It Was Also In His Youth That He Was Introduced To Role Models Like James Weldon Johnson And W.E.B. Du Boise, Who Were Frequent Guests In His Grandparents' Home.
Rustin Attended Wilberforce University, Chaney State, And City College, In New York. In 1936, He Joined The Young Communist League. His Involvement With That Group Would Be Used Against Him In Later Years.
While At City College, He Got Involved With Efforts To Free The Scottsboro Boys, A Case In Which Nine Young Black Men In Alabama, Ages 13 To 19, Were Falsely Accused Of Raping Two White Women.
By The 1940's Bayard Rustin Was Organizing Nonviolent, Direct-Action Groups And Assisted With The Formation Of The Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE).
A Devout Pacifist, Bayard Rustin And Members Of CORE Were Arrested For Violating The Selective Service Act. Rustin Served Time In A Federal Prison, From 1944 - 1946. While Incarcerated He Organized Protests Against Segregated Dining Facilities.
Once Out Of Prison, He Continued His Organized Protests. In 1947 He Organized The "Journey Of Reconciliation," An Initiative That Involved An Integrated Group Of People Who Defied The Local Laws Banning Them From Public Transit In The South. This Was The Model For The Freedom Rides Of The 1960's.
Throughout The 1950's And 1960's Rustin Worked Closely With Black Leaders, Martin Luther King, Jr. And A. Phillip Randolph, In Laying The Foundation For The Civil Rights Movement. He Was One Of Dr. King's Closest And Most Trusted Advisors. Rustin Was Instrumental In Helping King Establish The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
Bayard Rustin Was Also The Chief Organizer And Logistics Person For The Historic 1963, March On Washington For Jobs And Freedom. It Was At Rustin's Urging That A. Phillip Randolph Called For The March That Culminated Into The Famous, I Have A Dream Speech Delivered By Dr. King. Both He And King Referred To Rustin As "Mr. March."
The Fact That Bayard Rustin Was A "Known Homosexual" Never Stopped Him From Pursuing Causes He Believed In. It Did, However, Keep Him From Gaining The Notoriety Of Some Other Black Leaders Of His Era. Nevertheless, His Work Behind The Scenes And His Ability To Build Coalitions Has Left A Legacy That All Black Americans Can Be Proud Of And Benefit From.
"In Order For Black History To Live, we Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
BAYARD RUSTIN
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Walter F. White
On August 23, 1923, A Budding Young Writer Named Walter F. White Wrote A Letter To A Potential Publisher, Defending His Novel, The Fire In The Flint, Which Dealt With American Race Relations And Southern Violence.
White Wrote:
"I was born in Georgia. For twenty-four years I lived there. Between my junior and senior years in college I sold life insurance in that state, spending nearly four months living in small towns of which Central City is typical. There I talked with and learned to know white and colored people of all classes, particularly the better type. ...since I have been in my present work I have personally investigated thirty-six lynchings and eight race riots. Because of the particular advantage I possess of being able to go either as a white man or colored man I have talked on terms of intimacy with hundreds of white men as one of them and to hundreds, nay thousands of Negroes as one of them. I hope I am not too over confidant when I say that this varied and intimate experience in garnering all shades of opinion should qualify me to speak with some degree of authority on the subject."
Although This Particular Editor Rejected White's book, Another One Picked It Up. White Went On To Write Several Other Books, Including, Flight (1926) And The Autobiographical, A Man Called White (1969).
White Is Best Known For His Years As Executive Secretary Of The NAACP (1931 - 1955). He Joined The Organization In 1918, As Assistant Secretary Of The National Office In New York City. For Almost A Quarter Of A Century, He Was The Leading Voice Of Black America.
Living In New York During The Roaring Twenties, He Became One Of The Harlem Renaissance's Most Prolific Writers. Not Only Did He Contribute His Own Innovative Writings, He Also Used His Power And Influence To Promote Other Black Artists.
White Was Awarded The NAACP's Spingarn Medal In 1937, For His Investigations Of Lynchings And Race Riots, And For His "Remarkable Tact, Skill and Persuasiveness" In Lobbying To Enact A Federal Anti-Lynching Bill.
During One Investigation In Tulsa, Oklahoma, The Light-Skinned White "Passed" So Successfully As A White Man, He Was Made Deputy Sheriff And Told, "Now You Can Go Out And Shoot Any Nigger You See And The Law'll Be On Your Side."
Walter White Died March 21, 1955.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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BLACKS Make Up 25% Of The UNINSURED Population In America!! CONTACT ME To Get Your 100% FREE DISCOUNT RX CARD & SAVE Up To 85% On Your Prescription Meds & 50% On CT Scans & MRIs Ph: (601) 320-4371 CLICK HERE To View My Website
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Huey P. Newton
On August 22, 1989, Black Panther Organization Co-Founder And Leader, Huey Percy Newton, Was Murdered In Oakland, California, By Convicted Drug Dealer, Tyrone Robinson.
Huey Newton Was Born February 17, 1942, In Monroe, Louisiana. His Family Moved To Oakland, CA When He Was Three. Despite Being Illiterate When He Graduated High School, Newton Taught Himself To Read. While Attending Oakland City College, He Became Active In Bay Area Politics. He Joined The Afro-American Association And Became A Member Of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity. He Also Helped To Get The First Black History Course Put Into The School's Curriculum.
Newton Went On To Study At The San Fransisco School Of Law. He Also Was Influenced By The Works Of Malcolm X, Frantz Fanon, Che Guevara, Tse-tung And Mao. In 1966, Huey Newton Met Bobby Seale And Founded The Black Panther Party For Self Defense, A Revolutionary Political Movement, Drawing Support Largely From Disenfranchised Youth Who Lived In Oakland's Most Impoverished Areas. Seale Assumed The Role Of Chairman And Newton Served As Minister Of Defense. Originally, Their Platform Centered Around Uniting Urban Blacks To Protect Their Rights, Specifically To Protect Themselves Against Police Brutality.
The Early Panthers Wore Black Berets And Leather Jackets. They Used What Was Considered During That Period, "Radical Terminology," Like "Pigs," For The Police: "Fascists" For Established Figures And "Comrade" For Fellow Party Members. The Militant, "Urban Warfare" Phase Of The Party Didn't Last Long. Party Leaders, Much Maligned And Harassed, Soon Shifted To A Less Radical Ideology. Subsequently, The Movement Was Converted From A "Race Struggle" To More Of A "Class Struggle."
While The Ultimate Demise Of The Black Panthers May Have Been Caused, In Part, By Internal Conflicts, There Is Also Significant Evidence That The Federal Government Aided In The Process,
A Year After Founding The Panthers, Newton Was Convicted Of Killing A Police Officer. He Was Cleared In 1971, After Three Mistrials. In 1974, He Went To Cuba, In Light Of Drug And Murder Charges. He Returned To The United States In 1977, And Two Trials Ended In Hung Juries.
Dr. Huey P. Newton Earned A Ph.D In Social Philosophy, From The University Of California At Santa Cruz, In 1980.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
601-320-4371
BLACKS Make Up 25% Of The UNINSURED Population In America!! CONTACT ME To Get Your 100% FREE DISCOUNT RX CARD & SAVE Up To 85% On Your Prescription Meds & 50% On CT Scans & MRIs Ph: (601) 320-4371 CLICK HERE To View My Website
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Nat Turner
On August 21, 1831, In Southhampton, Virginia, A Small Band Of Slaves, Led By Nat Turner, Began Killing All Slave Owners In Their Path --- Men, Women And Children Alike. According To Turner, The Upraising Was A "Struggle For Freedom," And Nothing Else.
For Three Days The Rebel Slaves Continued Towards Jerusalem --- The County Seat, Which They Intended To Seize, Building Support From Fellow Slaves, Along The Way.
However, 3,000 Federal And State Troops Converged On Jerusalem. They Captured And Killed The Rebellious Slaves, Along With Innocent Bystanders. In All, More Than 120 Blacks And 60 Whites Were Killed.
Nat Turner Was Captured Two Months Later. He Was Hanged On November 11th.
Nat Turner Was Born On October 2, 1800, In Southhampton, VA. His Mother Was So Distraught About Bringing Another Slave Child Into The World, That She Had To Be Restrained From Killing Him. In Later Years, His Mother Declared That Her Son Was A Prophet And Destined For Greatness. Nat
Turner Became A Christian Preacher Who Had Visions. In One Of Those Visions, Which Occurred On May 12, 1828, He Said God Spoke Directly To Him -- Saying, "Fight The "Serpent." It Was Then That He Began Planning His Revolt.
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It. " -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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First Africans Arrive In
Jamestown Virginia, 1619 On August 20, 1619, The First 20 African Settlers Arrived In The United States As Indentured Servants, Landing In Jamestown Colony, Virginia.
They Arrived On A Dutch Ship Under The Command Of Captain Jope And An English Pilot Named Marmaduke.
The Ship Was Headed For The West Indies But Had Been Thrown Off Course When It Was Robbed By Pirates.
That Event, Which Changed The Lives Of African Americans Forever, Received Only A Few Lines In Colonist, John Rolfe's Journal. He Wrote: "... there came a Dutch man of warre that sold us 20 Negars."
The Africans Arrived With Spanish Names -- Antoney, Isabella, And Pedro. Four Or Five Years Later Antoney And Isabella Give Birth To The First African American Child, William Tucker.
During The Colonial Era, Indentured Servitude Was Legal And Quite Common Among Blacks And Whites. Most Of The Early European Arrivals To America Came Under That System.
People Could Be Forced Into Servitude For A Variety Of Reasons, Including The Commission Of Crimes. Upon Completion Of Their Terms Of Servitude, Indentured Servants Were Free To Find Other Work Or Set Up Their Own Plantations.
" In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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BLACKS Make Up 25% Of The UNINSURED Population In America!! CONTACT ME To Get Your 100% FREE DISCOUNT RX CARD & SAVE Up To 85% On Your Prescription Meds & 50% On CT Scans & MRIs Ph: (601) 320-4371 CLICK HERE To View My Website
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Benjamin Banneker
Benjamin Banneker Was A Noted Mathematician, Surveyor And Astronomer, And The Most Famous African American Of The Colonial Era.
While In His 20's Banneker Built The First Clock Made In America. It Was Constructed Entirely Of Wood And Accurately Recorded Time For 20 Years. He Was One Of Three Men Assigned By President George Washington To Design The Nation's Capital City.
Banneker Also Wrote 10 Almanacs, The First Of Which Was Released In 1792. He Wrote Articles Against Slavery, Capital Punishment And War. He Also Wrote Articles Advocating Free Schooling.
In A Letter Written To Then Secretary Of State, Thomas Jefferson, On August 19, 1791, Banneker Boldly Confronts Jefferson, A Slave Owner, About His And America's Racial Hypocrisy :
COPY OF A LETTER FROM BENJAMIN BANNEKER, &c.
Maryland, Baltimore County, August 19, 1791.
" SIR,
I AM fully sensible of the greatness of that freedom, which I take with you on the present occasion ; a liberty which seemed to me scarcely allowable, when I reflected on that distinguished and dignified station in which you stand, and the almost general prejudice and prepossession, which is so prevalent in the world against those of my complexion.
I suppose it is a truth too well attested to you, to need a proof here, that we are a race of beings, who have long labored under the abuse and censure of the world ; that we have long been looked upon with an eye of contempt ; and that we have long been considered rather as brutish than human, and scarcely capable of mental endowments.
Sir, I hope I may safely admit, in consequence of that report which hath reached me, that you are a man far less inflexible in sentiments of this nature, than many others ; that you are measurably friendly, and well disposed towards us ; and that you are willing and ready to lend your aid and assistance to our relief, from those many distresses, and numerous calamities, to which we are reduced. Now Sir, if this is founded in truth, I apprehend you will embrace every opportunity, to eradicate that train of absurd and false ideas and opinions, which so generally prevails with respect to us ; and that your sentiments are concurrent with mine, which are, that one universal Father hath given being to us all ; and that he hath not only made us all of one flesh, but that he hath also, without partiality, afforded us all the same sensations and endowed us all with the same faculties ; and that however variable we may be in society or religion, however diversified in situation or color, we are all of the same family, and stand in the same relation to him.
Sir, if these are sentiments of which you are fully persuaded, I hope you cannot but acknowledge, that it is the indispensible duty of those, who maintain for themselves the rights of human nature, and who possess the obligations of Christianity, to extend their power and influence to the relief of every part of the human race, from whatever burden or oppression they may unjustly labor under ; and this, I apprehend, a full conviction of the truth and obligation of these principles should lead all to. Sir, I have long been convinced, that if your love for yourselves, and for those inestimable laws, which preserved to you the rights of human nature, was founded on sincerity, you could not but be solicitous, that every individual, of whatever rank or distinction, might with you equally enjoy the blessings thereof ; neither could you rest satisfied short of the most active effusion of your exertions, in order to their promotion from any state of degradation, to which the unjustifiable cruelty and barbarism of men may have reduced them.
Sir, I freely and cheerfully acknowledge, that I am of the African race, and in that color which is natural to them of the deepest dye ; and it is under a sense of the most profound gratitude to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, that I now confess to you, that I am not under that state of tyrannical thraldom, and inhuman captivity, to which too many of my brethren are doomed, but that I have abundantly tasted of the fruition of those blessings, which proceed from that free and unequalled liberty with which you are favored ; and which, I hope, you will willingly allow you have mercifully received, from the immediate hand of that Being, from whom proceedeth every good and perfect Gift.
Sir, suffer me to recal to your mind that time, in which the arms and tyranny of the British crown were exerted, with every powerful effort, in order to reduce you to a state of servitude : look back, I entreat you, on the variety of dangers to which you were exposed ; reflect on that time, in which every human aid appeared unavailable, and in which even hope and fortitude wore the aspect of inability to the conflict, and you cannot but be led to a serious and grateful sense of your miraculous and providential preservation ; you cannot but acknowledge, that the present freedom and tranquility which you enjoy you have mercifully received, and that it is the peculiar blessing of Heaven.
This, Sir, was a time when you clearly saw into the injustice of a state of slavery, and in which you had just apprehensions of the horrors of its condition. It was now that your abhorrence thereof was so excited, that you publicly held forth this true and invaluable doctrine, which is worthy to be recorded and remembered in all succeeding ages : ``We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, and that among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.'' Here was a time, in which your tender feelings for yourselves had engaged you thus to declare, you were then impressed with proper ideas of the great violation of liberty, and the free possession of those blessings, to which you were entitled by nature ; but, Sir, how pitiable is it to reflect, that although you were so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of Mankind, and of his equal and impartial distribution of these rights and privileges, which he hath conferred upon them, that you should at the same time counteract his mercies, in detaining by fraud and violence so numerous a part of my brethren, under groaning captivity and cruel oppression, that you should at the same time be found guilty of that most criminal act, which you professedly detested in others, with respect to yourselves.
I suppose that your knowledge of the situation of my brethren, is too extensive to need a recital here ; neither shall I presume to prescribe methods by which they may be relieved, otherwise than by recommending to you and all others, to wean yourselves from those narrow prejudices which you have imbibed with respect to them, and as Job proposed to his friends, ``put your soul in their souls' stead ;'' thus shall your hearts be enlarged with kindness and benevolence towards them ; and thus shall you need neither the direction of myself or others, in what manner to proceed herein. And now, Sir, although my sympathy and affection for my brethren hath caused my enlargement thus far, I ardently hope, that your candor and generosity will plead with you in my behalf, when I make known to you, that it was not originally my design ; but having taken up my pen in order to direct to you, as a present, a copy of an Almanac, which I have calculated for the succeeding year, I was unexpectedly and unavoidably led thereto.
This calculation is the production of my arduous study, in this my advanced stage of life ; for having long had unbounded desires to become acquainted with the secrets of nature, I have had to gratify my curiosity herein, through my own assiduous application to Astronomical Study, in which I need not recount to you the many difficulties and disadvantages, which I have had to encounter.
And although I had almost declined to make my calculation for the ensuing year, in consequence of that time which I had allotted therefor, being taken up at the Federal Territory, by the request of Mr. Andrew Ellicott, yet finding myself under several engagements to Printers of this state, to whom I had communicated my design, on my return to my place of residence, I industriously applied myself thereto, which I hope I have accomplished with correctness and accuracy ; a copy of which I have taken the liberty to direct to you, and which I humbly request you will favorably receive ; and although you may have the opportunity of perusing it after its publication, yet I choose to send it to you in manuscript previous thereto, that thereby you might not only have an earlier inspection, but that you might also view it in my own hand writing.
And now, Sir, I shall conclude, and subscribe myself, with the most profound respect,
Your most obedient humble servant,
BENJAMIN BANNEKER."
"In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
601 - 320 - 4371
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BLACKS Make Up 25% Of The UNINSURED Population
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