BLACK IN TIME: A Moment In OUR History 02/07/2012
Benjamin "Pap" Singleton  The Exodus Of 1879 Is Generally Said To Have Begun In February Of That Year And Continued For Several Years, Thereafter. Thousands Of Southern Blacks Migrated West Following The Abrupt End Of Reconstruction.The Combination Of Southern Racial Oppression, The Westward Expansion Of Railway Lines And The Homestead Act Of 1862, Inspired A Number Of Black Americans To Move Out To The Prairies Of The Central Plains. Many Of These Settlers Built Their Homes From Dirt Blocks And The Region Soon Became Known As The "Sodhouse Frontier"- Offering Full Freedom To Those Blacks Who Settled There. A Large Number Of Blacks Were Led West, Mainly To Kansas, By Benjamin "Pap" Singleton. A Modern "Moses" Figure. Singleton Was An Activist, Businessman And Former Slave From Tennessee, He Escaped To Freedom In 1846 And Became A Well-Known Abolitionist, Community Leader And Spokesman For Black American Civil Rights. Freedom On The Plains Came At A Price. Life For Black Settlers Was Harsh And Few Remained On The Frontier Farms. Many Moved To Towns And Cities, And Some Even Went Back South. The Most Famous Of The Groups That Weathered The Hardships Was The Nicodemus Farm Community. Established On June 8, 1877, Nicodemus Had its Own School And Post Office, And By 1878, Had A Population Of 600 - 700 People. "In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." - Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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Add Comment BLACK IN TIME: A Moment In OUR History 02/06/2012
Melvin Tolson  Poet, Columnist, Politician And Educator, Melvin Beaunorus Tolson Was Born February 6, 1898, In Moberly, Missouri. Tolson Was A Comtemporary Of The Harlem Renaissance, And Although He Was Not A Participant, His Work Reflects Its Influence. Tolson Graduated With Honors From Pennsylvania's Lincoln University, In 1924. He And His Wife Moved To Marshall, Texas, Where He Taught Speech And English At Wiley College And Mentored Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE) Founder, James Farmer, Among Others. Tolson, Wiley College And Its History-Making Debate Team of 1935, Are The Subjects Of The Oprah Winfrey- Produced, Denzel Washington-Directed Film, The Great Debaters. Tolson Received His Master's Degree From Columbia University In 1940 And Began Teaching At Langston University In Langston, Oklahoma, In 1947. That Same Year, Liberia Declared Him Its Poet Laureate. Tolson Entered Local Politics And Would Go On To Serve Three Terms As Mayor Of Guthrie, Oklahoma From 1954 to 1960. As A Writer, Tolson Began Creating Poetry From 1930, On. In 1941 "Dark Symphony," Often Considered His Greatest Work, Was Published In Atlantic Monthly. In 1944 He Published His First Poetry Collection, Rendezvous With America. The Washington Tribune Hired Tolson To Write A Weekly Column, "Cabbage And Caviar," After He Left His Teaching Position At Wiley In The Late 1940's. In 1965, Melvin Tolson's Final Work, Harlem Gallery, Was Published. The Poem Consists Of Several Sections, Each Beginning With A Letter Of The Greek Alphabet. The Poem Concentrates On Black Life And Is A drastic Departure From His First Writings. The Poems He Wrote In New York Were Published Posthumously In 1979, As A Gallery of Harlem Portraits, A Mixture Of Various Styles As Well As Free Verse. Tolson Died After Cancer Surgery In Dallas, Texas, In 1966. He Is Buried In Guthrie, OK. "In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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BLACK IN TIME: A Moment In OUR History 02/03/2012
Jack Johnson  Boxer, Jack Johnson Won His First Title On February 3, 1903, Beating "Denver" Ed Martin Over 20 Rounds For The World Colored HeavyweightChampionship. His Efforts To Win The Full Title Were Blocked, As Then World Heavyweight Champion James J. Jeffries, Refused To Face Him . Johnson Eventually Won The Heavyweight Title After Defeating Tommy Burns In Sydney, Australia On December 26, 1908, In Front Of 20,000 Spectators. The Bout Ended After The Referee Stopped The Fight In The 14th Round And Awarded Johnson A TKO Decision. On July 4, 1910, A Boxing Match Billed As "The Fight Of The Century," Took Place Heavyweight Champion, Jack Johnson And White Challenger, James J. Jeffries, In Reno, Nevada. Jeffries Came Out Of Retirement As "The Great White Hope," To Take Down The World's First Black Heavyweight Boxing Champion. Whites Generally Believed That A World Boxing Championship Was Too Prestigious A Prize For A Black Man To Hold. Johnson Knocked Jeffries Out In The 15th Round Of The Fight And Retained His Championship. White America Was Outraged While Black America Celebrated The Victory. This Led To A Backlash Of White-On-Black Rioting, In Which 11 Black Americans Were Killed. "In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr. The Legend of JACK JOHNSON
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BLACK INTIME: A Moment In OUR History 02/02/2012
James Weldon Johnson On February 2, 1988, A Commemorative Stamp Of James Weldon Johnson Was Issued By The United States Postal Service As Part Of Its Black Heritage USA Series. James Weldon Johnson Was Born June 17, 1871, In Jacksonville, Florida. In November, 1900, James Weldon Johnson And His Brother, John Rosemond Johnson, Composed The Song, "Lift Ev'ry Voice And Sing," Generally Known As The Black National Anthem. Johnson Served As General Secretary Of The NAACP From 1920 - 1930, Resigning To Teach Creative Literature At Fisk University. Johnson Was The First Black Executive Secretary Of The NAACP. A True Renaissance Man. During His Distinguished Career Johnson Was A Lawyer (He Was The First Black Person Admitted To The Florida Bar), Diplomat (U.S. Consul To Venezuela And Nicaragua), Educator, Civil Rights Activist Poet, Editor, Literary Critic And Author. As A Black American Literary Critic And Author, Johnson Had A Profound Influence On Black Literature In The 1900's. He Was A Major Presence During the Harlem Renaissance. His Books Includes The Autobiography Of An Ex-Colored Man (1912), The Book Of American Negro Spirituals (1925) And Black Manhattan (1935). Johnson Died June 26, 1938. "In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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BLACK IN TIME: A Moment In OUR History 02/01/2012
The Greensboro 4 On February 1, 1960, At 4:30PM, Four Freshmen From North Carolina Agricultural And Technical College (North Carolina A&T) -- Ezell Blair, Jr., David Richmond, Joseph McNeil And Franklin McCain, Sat Down At The Lunch Counter Of The Local F. W. Woolworth Store At 132 South Elm Street In Greensboro, North Carolina, And Ordered Coffee And Cherry Pie. This Bold Act Defied The Jim Crow Laws That Permitted Blacks To Shop In The Store But Not Eat A Meal There. After Being Refused Service, The Young Men Began Reading Their Textbooks, Sending The Message That They Were Not Leaving Until They Were Served Or The Store Closed. The "Greensboro 4," As They Were Called, Returned The Next Morning With More A&T Students. On Wednesday 70 Students Joined The Protest, Including Women From Nearby Bennett College And Some White Students From Other Local Schools. By This Time The Greensboro Sit-In Had Become A National News Story. On Thursday, 150 A&T Students Moved Down The Street And Staged A Similar Sit-In In The S. H. Kress & Co. Store. Other Demonstrations Began Taking Place Throughout The South.The Greensboro Sit-In Is Credited With Re-Igniting The Civil Rights Movement In America -- Transforming The Older Generation's "Don't-Rock The-Boat" Tactics To A More Militant, Protest-Based Platform. "In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." - Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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BLACK IN TIME: A Moment In OUR History 01/31/2012
13th Amendment To The U.S. Constitution  On January 31, 1865, The House Of Representatives Passed The Thirteenth Amendment To The U.S. Constitution By A Narrow Margin - With 11 Democrats Defecting To The Republican Side To Vote Yes. The Amendment Had Already Passed In The Senate, On April 8, 1864. The Amendment Reads: Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where -of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Despite The Emancipation Proclamation, Which Was Issued In 1863, The 13th Amendment Was Still Required Because The Proclamation Was A War Statement That Used Limited Language And Exerted Even More Questionable Legal Power. It's Estimated That Only One Out Of Every Three Slaves Was Freed Under The Emancipation Proclamation. "In Order For Black History To Live, We Must Continue To Breathe Life Into It." -- Hubert Gaddy, Jr.
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BLACK IN TIME: A Moment In OUR History 01/30/2012
Josephe L. Searles, III | AuthorBLACK IN TIME: A Moment In OUR History By Hugh Gaddy, Founder/CEO, BLACK IN TIME ENTERPRISES  Hugh Gaddy  ArchivesFebruary 2012 |
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